![]() Two examples of their slang are referring to potatoes as " bog- oranges" likely developed from the phrase " Irish fruit" also referring to potatoes and "cool the delo nammow" which means 'watch out for that old woman' with the words essentially backwards cool (look), delo (old) and nammow (woman). They gained a fairly unsavoury reputation for their "low habits, general improvidence, love of gambling, total want of education, disregard for lawful marriage ceremonies, and their use of a peculiar slang language". Costermongers have existed in London since at least the 16th century, when they were mentioned by Shakespeare and Marlowe and were probably most numerous during the Victorian era, when there were said to be over 30,000 in 1860. "seller", came to be particularly associated with the "barrow boys" of London who would sell their produce from a wheelbarrow or wheeled market stall. The term, which derived from the words costard (a type of apple) and monger, i.e. ![]() Costermongers and Cockney rhyming slang The Coster's Mansion, 1899 sheet musicĪ costermonger was a street seller of fruit and vegetables. In the United States, however, both fruit and fruitcake are seen as negative with fruitcake likely originating from "nutty as a fruitcake" (a crazy person). Traces the friendly use of the phrase old fruit (and rarely old tin of fruit) to the 1920s in Britain possibly deriving from the phrase fruit of the womb. In A Dictionary of Epithets and Terms of Address author Leslie Dunkling Many modern pop culture references within the gay nightlife like "Fruit Machine" and "Fruit Packers" have been appropriated for reclaiming usage, similar to queer. Usually used as pejoratives, the terms have also been re-appropriated as insider terms of endearment within LGBT communities. These terms have often been used derogatorily to refer to LGBT people. The follow-up questions will require some discussion, possibly some new ideas, and may be edited depending upon the level and background of students.Fruit, Fruity, and Fruitcake, as well as its many variations, are slang or even sexual slang terms which have various origins. Typical teacher-student interactions include monitoring, helping with ideas, questioning ideas, critiquing ideas, clarifying rules. Be aware that double bonds are included in this activity, but exceptions to the octet rule are not included in this activity as it is only an introduction to Lewis Structures. Hopefully student groups will effectively develop and apply strategies that draw correct Lewis structures. Multiple strategies are likely to be proposed, evaluated, and accepted or discarded. During the activity students will be moving fruit loops around and discussing ways to follow the rules provided in the handout. Students will need access to periodic tables. ![]() In preparation for the activity fruit loops in containers for each lab group and the handout are prepared. Foreshadow the activity as a teaching/learning way to account for electrons when multiple atoms form compounds-AND talk about the fruit loops to rev up some interest. The activity requires little front loading of students with techniques and ideas. ![]() Description and Teaching MaterialsĪs stated earlier students should have an understanding of valence electrons as they relate to the periodic table. Students were successful with this activity last year when a substitute teacher was in the classroom. In fact some students hold onto the fruit loop model so strongly that they continue to draw circles (fruit loops) for electrons even after an extended period of time/study that uses Lewis DOT structures extensively. The accounting techniques developed in this activity are robust as students move forward in bonding studies. (There will likely be some eating so buy extra fruit loops and only give out enough to each group as needed.) Students seem to make a strong connection to the concrete model of fruit loops surrounding an atom. The uniqueness of Fruit Loops in the laboratory as a manipulative attracts the attention of high school students. It has been used as an introduction to the Lewis structure model after students have an understanding of valence electrons as part of either a quantum or shell model of the electronic structure of the atom. Loopy Dot Diagrams is useful for any chemistry student who is learning about the Lewis structure model of bonding. ![]()
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